Phase 14 · Real-time Communication

Topics

Real-time Scaling Challenges

Part of the Backend Developer Roadmap.

Summary

The specific difficulties of scaling WebSocket connections horizontally — since a client stays connected to one specific server instance, broadcasting to all clients requires coordination across instances.

How to Learn This

  • 1Diagram the problem: a message needs to reach clients connected to different server instances.
  • 2Learn how a Redis pub/sub adapter solves this for Socket.io across multiple instances.
  • 3Understand sticky sessions and why load balancers need special config for WebSocket traffic.
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