In short
Configuration values (API keys, base URLs, secrets) kept outside your codebase and injected at build/runtime — critical for keeping secrets out of version control.
How to learn this
- 1Move a hardcoded API URL into an environment variable in a project.
- 2Learn the difference between build-time and runtime environment variables in Next.js.
- 3Never commit a `.env` file containing real secrets to version control.
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