Hoisting

Summary

JavaScript's behavior of moving variable and function declarations to the top of their scope during compilation — `var` and functions hoist differently than `let`/`const`. Hoisting is best understood as the result of how JavaScript creates bindings before executing code, rather than as literal source-code movement.

• 1Log a `var` variable before its declaration line and observe `undefined`. Validate your understanding by applying it in a small practical example.
• 2Try the same with a `let` variable and see the ReferenceError. Inspect the result in DevTools or the console and explain what you observed.
• 3Learn that function declarations are fully hoisted, but function expressions aren't.